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The Cellular DAS: The Basics

By Edna Booker


In order to deal with the isolated spots that have poor network coverage inside a large building, a network of small antennas are usually installed in the building to serve as repeaters. This is known as the distributed antenna system (cellular DAS). The technology is very important in the areas that have a weak coverage or no coverage, such as the underground transportation system, and college campuses. It also offers a suitable solution in places with large gathering where the existing network coverage is overwhelmed by the demand such as in the sport gatherings, airports, and hospitals among others that are common in the Raleigh city.

The antennas are physically connected using a coaxial cable or the fiber to a central controller. This central controller is in turn connected to some wireless carrier network base station. The system increases the signal reliability and the power consumption is also less. Since the distributed antenna systems operate on RF spectrum that is licensed to a wireless carrier, it is not possible for an enterprise to undertake the deployment of DAS without one or more carriers.

The additional antennas mean better network coverage. The additional antennas are able to increase the line-of-sight channel that is responsible for a better network coverage. In normal systems, the provision of the cellular signals can be very power consuming since the system has to overcome the shadowing effect and penetration problems all which lead to the loss of signal.

The DAS on the other hands relies on the active-repeater amplifiers and the passive splitters as the means of feeder configurations. As a result, the efficiency is highly increased while the power consumption is reduced.

In any DAS project, the deployment stage is the most expensive. This is mainly due to the labor intensive process of antenna installation and stinging the coaxial cable or the fiber optic in between the antenna modules and the controller.

In the carrier-owned DAS, it is the job of the wireless service provider to pay for the equipment cost, the installation cost, and the cost of maintenance and upgrade. The DAS installer on the other hands has the exclusivity on it, and the competitors can only use it at a fee. However, it may also be installed by a third party that is neutral to all the players. In this case, the entity bears the costs and recoups it by charging the service providers that have the system access.

However, in the case of a carrier-owned DAS, the wireless service provider is the one to pay for the cost of equipment, the equipment installation cost, and the maintenance and upgrade of the same. The installer, in this case, has the exclusive rights on the system. As such, the competitors have to pay the installer to use it. In some cases, the installation is done by a third party entity that bears all the costs and recoups the cost by charging the service providers in order to get the system access.

With the DAS system, it is easy to offer the voice and data services through the mobile devices to the users in the densely populated areas where the typical system is overwhelmed by the demand. The system is also suitable for the remote locations that have poor network coverage or those with no coverage at all. Today, it is widely used in the city of Raleigh. It comes with the advantages of easing the zoning and antenna placement, no need for site development, and consumes lower power.




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